Psychological Empowerment of Women in Parental Culture

Khalil, Azza

doi:10.21608/ijcws.2022.270725

Psychological Empowerment of Women in Parental Culture

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Azza Khalil

Childhood Education Department, College of women for Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt

10.21608/ijcws.2022.270725

Abstract

The wide spread of patriarchal culture in many societies across the world, contributes in detracting women's opportunities in getting their humanitarian rights, and achieving equality with men in opportunities available within the same society. From this point of view, the patriarchal culture is considered as an obstacle in the face of women's development. Although there is a lot of efforts from states on political level for empowering women, these efforts don't achieve the expected position for women, nor achieving the real empowerment for her, due to the power of customs and traditions. The current paper sheds light on patriarchal culture concept, the factors assisting it, and how this ideology is working to restrict women's liberation and achieving equality between her and men. The paper also discusses the concept of psychological empowerment, identified its dimensions, the ways of developing it, and laying the concept of equality between woman and man from an objective viewpoint, away from the patriarchal viewpoint prevalent in many eastern and western societies.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Empowerment of women and its impact on legislation

References

النظر بموضوعية للاختلافات بين الرجال والنساء. ووضع توقعات موضوعية من النساء والرجال تنسجم مع الطبيعة الحقيقية لكل منهم, وعدم فرض توقعات جامدة تتعلق بالذكورة والانوثة من المنظور الابوي
مراجعة النظم التعليمية والتأكد من عدم بثها او تكريسها للأيديولوجيا الابوية سواء في المنهج الرسمي او من خلال المنهج المستتر المتمثل في تعاملات المعلمين مع التلاميذ على هامش أنشطة التدريس
الدور الواعي والنشط للإعلام في تغيير الثقافة المجتمعية وتجسيد منظومة القيم التي تحترم حقوق الانسان بعامة وليس الرجال فقط
توفير ظروف عمل مرنة وصديقة للنساء تسمح لهن بالعمل في بيئة تحترم خصائصهن الشخصية والاجتماعية المميزة, من حيث المرونة في أوقات العمل, وتوفير الخيارات المختلفة التي تناسب أسلوب المرأة في إدارة العمل.

Baecker, Mary (1999) Patriarchy and Inequality: Towerds a Substantive Feminism. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LEGAL FORUM.

Chakravarti, U. (2004) Conceptualising Brahmanical patriarchy in early India: Gender, Caste, class and state in M. Mohanty, (Ed), Class, cast, gender. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Donahue, Melissa (2007) " Transitioning from Patriarchal Society: Women's Rights and Gender Equality, "ESSAI:vol.5, Article 18. Available at:

http://dc.cod.edu/essai/vol HYPERLINK

Gilligan, C. (1982) In a different voice. Psychological theory and women's development. Harvard University Press.

Hartmann, H. I. (1981) The unhappy marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Towards a more progressive union. Women and Revolution, (ed). Lydia Argent, London: Pluto Press., pp, 95-119.

Hornby A. S. (2003) Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Oxford University Press: New York.

Karatzias, A., Chouliara, Z., Power, K., & Swanson, V. (2006) Predicting general well-being from self-esteem and affectivity: An exploratory study with Scottish adolescents. Quality of Life Research, 15(7), 1143-1151.

Lerner, G. (1989) The Creation of Patriarchy. Oxford University Press: New York.

Mies M. ( etal) (1988) Women: The Last Colony. Delhi : Kali for Women.

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995) Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.

Sultana, Abeda (2011) Patriarchy and Women's Subordination: A Theoretical Analysis. The Arts Faculty Journal, vol 4, pp 1-18.

Rawat, Preeti S. ( 2014) Patriarchal beliefs, Women's Empowement, and general Well-being. VIKALPA. Vol 39, no2.

Walby, S. (1990) Theorizing patriarchy. Oxford, London: Basil Blackwell.